### Lesson Plan: Experimental Probability
**Grade Level:** Junior Secondary 2
**Subject:** Mathematics
**Topic:** Experimental Probability
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**Lesson Duration:** 60 minutes
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**Objective:**
- Students will understand the concept of experimental probability.
- Students will be able to calculate the experimental probability of an event.
- Students will be able to conduct simple experiments and use the data to determine probabilities.
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**Materials:**
- Coins
- Dice
- Marbles (assorted colors)
- Bags
- Probability worksheets
- Graph paper
- Calculators
- Whiteboard and markers
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**Lesson Outline:**
**1. Introduction (10 minutes)**
- **Greeting and Settling Down: (2 minutes)**
- **Engage:**
- Start with a quick discussion: "What comes to mind when you hear the word 'probability'?"
- Highlight the difference between theoretical and experimental probability.
**2. Direct Instruction (15 minutes)**
- **Definition and Formula:**
- Explain that experimental probability is the ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials.
- Write the formula on the board:
\[
P(Event) = \frac{\text{Number of times the event occurs}}{\text{Total number of trials}}
\]
- **Examples:**
- Conduct a quick coin toss demo to explain. Toss a coin 10 times (or ask a student to do it) and record the results.
- Use these results to calculate the experimental probability of getting heads or tails.
**3. Guided Practice (10 minutes)**
- Distribute coins and worksheets to pairs of students.
- Instruct students to perform 20 coin tosses and record their results.
- Have students calculate the experimental probability of getting heads.
**4. Group Activity (15 minutes)**
- **Marble Experiment:**
- Give each group a bag of assorted marble colors.
- Each group will draw a marble from the bag, record the color, and put the marble back into the bag. Repeat this 30 times.
- Record the results and calculate the experimental probability for each color of marble drawn.
- **Discussion:**
- Have groups share their findings with the class.
**5. Independent Practice (10 minutes)**
- Distribute probability worksheets that include various scenarios for students to solve.
- Include questions that require students to calculate experimental probability based on provided data.
**6. Assessment (5 minutes)**
- Collect worksheets and perform a quick review.
- Ask a few questions to check for understanding:
- "How do we calculate experimental probability?"
- "What is the difference between theoretical and experimental probability?"
**7. Conclusion and Homework (5 minutes)**
- **Review:**
- Summarize key points of the lesson.
- Emphasize the importance of repeated trials to get a more accurate probability.
- **Homework:**
- Assign a worksheet with additional probability exercises.
- Encourage students to perform their own probability experiment at home (e.g., rolling dice, drawing cards, etc.) and write a short report on their findings.
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**Differentiation:**
- **For students who need extra support:**
- Pair with stronger students during group activities.
- Provide additional guided practice and step-by-step examples.
- **For advanced students:**
- Challenge them with more complex scenarios involving conditional probability or combined events.
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**Reflection:**
- After the lesson, reflect on what went well and what could be improved.
- Note any particular student difficulties and consider strategies to address them in future lessons.
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**Teacher's Notes:**
- Ensure all materials are prepared before the lesson.
- Be ready to provide extra support during group activities.
- Monitor student progress and understanding throughout the lesson.
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This lesson plan aims to provide a hands-on, engaging approach to understanding experimental probability, helping students grasp the concept through practical application.