Lesson Plan for Junior Secondary 2 - Mathematics - Experimental Probability

### Lesson Plan: Experimental Probability **Grade Level:** Junior Secondary 2 **Subject:** Mathematics **Topic:** Experimental Probability --- **Lesson Duration:** 60 minutes --- **Objective:** - Students will understand the concept of experimental probability. - Students will be able to calculate the experimental probability of an event. - Students will be able to conduct simple experiments and use the data to determine probabilities. --- **Materials:** - Coins - Dice - Marbles (assorted colors) - Bags - Probability worksheets - Graph paper - Calculators - Whiteboard and markers --- **Lesson Outline:** **1. Introduction (10 minutes)** - **Greeting and Settling Down: (2 minutes)** - **Engage:** - Start with a quick discussion: "What comes to mind when you hear the word 'probability'?" - Highlight the difference between theoretical and experimental probability. **2. Direct Instruction (15 minutes)** - **Definition and Formula:** - Explain that experimental probability is the ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials. - Write the formula on the board: \[ P(Event) = \frac{\text{Number of times the event occurs}}{\text{Total number of trials}} \] - **Examples:** - Conduct a quick coin toss demo to explain. Toss a coin 10 times (or ask a student to do it) and record the results. - Use these results to calculate the experimental probability of getting heads or tails. **3. Guided Practice (10 minutes)** - Distribute coins and worksheets to pairs of students. - Instruct students to perform 20 coin tosses and record their results. - Have students calculate the experimental probability of getting heads. **4. Group Activity (15 minutes)** - **Marble Experiment:** - Give each group a bag of assorted marble colors. - Each group will draw a marble from the bag, record the color, and put the marble back into the bag. Repeat this 30 times. - Record the results and calculate the experimental probability for each color of marble drawn. - **Discussion:** - Have groups share their findings with the class. **5. Independent Practice (10 minutes)** - Distribute probability worksheets that include various scenarios for students to solve. - Include questions that require students to calculate experimental probability based on provided data. **6. Assessment (5 minutes)** - Collect worksheets and perform a quick review. - Ask a few questions to check for understanding: - "How do we calculate experimental probability?" - "What is the difference between theoretical and experimental probability?" **7. Conclusion and Homework (5 minutes)** - **Review:** - Summarize key points of the lesson. - Emphasize the importance of repeated trials to get a more accurate probability. - **Homework:** - Assign a worksheet with additional probability exercises. - Encourage students to perform their own probability experiment at home (e.g., rolling dice, drawing cards, etc.) and write a short report on their findings. --- **Differentiation:** - **For students who need extra support:** - Pair with stronger students during group activities. - Provide additional guided practice and step-by-step examples. - **For advanced students:** - Challenge them with more complex scenarios involving conditional probability or combined events. --- **Reflection:** - After the lesson, reflect on what went well and what could be improved. - Note any particular student difficulties and consider strategies to address them in future lessons. --- **Teacher's Notes:** - Ensure all materials are prepared before the lesson. - Be ready to provide extra support during group activities. - Monitor student progress and understanding throughout the lesson. --- This lesson plan aims to provide a hands-on, engaging approach to understanding experimental probability, helping students grasp the concept through practical application.